Cultural Landscape & Heritage Cities: Research Bibliography

Core Theoretical Frameworks

Carl Sauer & Cultural Geography

Sauer, Carl O. (1925). The Morphology of Landscape. University of California Publications in Geography, 2(2), 19-53.
Sauer, Carl O. (1941). Foreword to Historical Geography. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 31(1), 1-24.
Leighly, John (ed.) (1963). Land and Life: A Selection from the Writings of Carl Ortwin Sauer. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Civilization Theory (for contrast/critique)

Spengler, Oswald (1918-1922). The Decline of the West (Der Untergang des Abendlandes). [English trans. 1926-1928]
Toynbee, Arnold J. (1934-1961). A Study of History (12 volumes). Oxford University Press.
Huntington, Samuel P. (1996). The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. Simon & Schuster.
Braudel, Fernand (1949/1972). The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II. University of California Press.

Comparative & Quantitative Approaches

Seshat Databank & Cultural Evolution

Turchin, Peter et al. (2015). "Seshat: The Global History Databank." Cliodynamics, 6(1), 77-107.
Hoyer, Daniel et al. (2023). "Navigating Polycrisis: Long-run Socio-cultural Factors Shape Response to Changing Climate." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 378(1889).
Seshat: Global History Databank. https://seshatdatabank.info/

World-Systems & Network Theory

Wallerstein, Immanuel (1974). The Modern World-System I: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century. Academic Press.
Chase-Dunn, Christopher & Hall, Thomas D. (1997). Rise and Demise: Comparing World-Systems. Westview Press.

Urban Studies & Comparative Urbanism

Post-colonial Urban Theory

Robinson, Jennifer (2006). Ordinary Cities: Between Modernity and Development. Routledge.
Roy, Ananya (2009). "The 21st-Century Metropolis: New Geographies of Theory." Regional Studies, 43(6), 819-830.
Parnell, Susan & Oldfield, Sophie (eds.) (2014). The Routledge Handbook on Cities of the Global South. Routledge.

Historical Urban Ecology

Sinclair, Paul et al. (2010). "Trade and Society on the South-East African Coast in the Later First Millennium AD: The Case of Chibuene." Antiquity, 84(326), 846-866.
Barthel, Stephan & Isendahl, Christian (2013). "Urban Gardens, Agriculture, and Water Management: Sources of Resilience for Long-Term Food Security in Cities." Ecological Economics, 86, 224-234.

Heritage & UNESCO Frameworks

World Heritage Studies

UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. (Updated periodically)
Harrison, Rodney (2013). Heritage: Critical Approaches. Routledge.
Smith, Laurajane (2006). Uses of Heritage. Routledge.
Meskell, Lynn (2018). A Future in Ruins: UNESCO, World Heritage, and the Dream of Peace. Oxford University Press.

Heritage & Geography

Graham, Brian, Ashworth, G.J., & Tunbridge, J.E. (2000). A Geography of Heritage: Power, Culture and Economy. Arnold Publishers.
Timothy, Dallen J. & Boyd, Stephen W. (2003). Heritage Tourism. Prentice Hall.

Digital Humanities & Spatial Methods

Spatial Humanities

Bodenhamer, David J., Corrigan, John, & Harris, Trevor M. (eds.) (2010). The Spatial Humanities: GIS and the Future of Humanities Scholarship. Indiana University Press.
Gregory, Ian N. & Geddes, Alistair (2014). Toward Spatial Humanities: Historical GIS and Spatial History. Indiana University Press.

Linked Data & Knowledge Graphs

Grossner, Karl & Janowicz, Krzysztof (2012). "Semantic Reference Systems for Historical Gazetteers." GeoHumanities. ACM SIGSPATIAL.
Grossner, Karl, Mostern, Ruth, & Elliot, Tom (2015). "World Historical Gazetteer." WHG Project Documentation.

Computational Text Analysis

Underwood, Ted (2019). Distant Horizons: Digital Evidence and Literary Change. University of Chicago Press.
Piotrowski, Michael (2012). Natural Language Processing for Historical Texts. Morgan & Claypool.

Environmental & Geographic Analysis

Geographic Information Systems

Goodchild, Michael F. (2007). "Citizens as Sensors: The World of Volunteered Geography." GeoJournal, 69(4), 211-221.
Longley, Paul A. et al. (2015). Geographic Information Science and Systems (4th ed.). Wiley.

Environmental Determinism Debates

Diamond, Jared (1997). Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. W.W. Norton.
Acemoglu, Daron & Robinson, James A. (2012). Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty. Crown.
Scott, James C. (2017). Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Earliest States. Yale University Press.

Embeddings & NLP Methods

Semantic Similarity & Embeddings

Reimers, Nils & Gurevych, Iryna (2019). "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks." EMNLP-IJCNLP 2019.
Mikolov, Tomas et al. (2013). "Distributed Representations of Words and Phrases and their Compositionality." NIPS 2013.

Computational Cultural Analysis

Evans, James A. & Aceves, Pedro (2016). "Machine Translation: Mining Text for Social Theory." Annual Review of Sociology, 42, 21-50.
Heuser, Ryan & Le-Khac, Long (2012). "A Quantitative Literary History of 2,958 Nineteenth-Century British Novels: The Semantic Cohort Method." Stanford Literary Lab Pamphlet 4.

Complexity Science & Systems Thinking

Santa Fe Institute Tradition

Holland, John H. (1995). Hidden Order: How Adaptation Builds Complexity. Addison-Wesley.
Miller, John H. & Page, Scott E. (2007). Complex Adaptive Systems: An Introduction to Computational Models of Social Life. Princeton University Press.
Mitchell, Melanie (2009). Complexity: A Guided Tour. Oxford University Press.

Urban Complexity

Batty, Michael (2013). The New Science of Cities. MIT Press.
Bettencourt, Luís M.A. (2013). "The Origins of Scaling in Cities." Science, 340(6139), 1438-1441.

Mixed Methods & Multi-vocal Systems

Creswell, John W. & Plano Clark, Vicki L. (2017). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). SAGE.
Bowker, Geoffrey C. & Star, Susan Leigh (1999). Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences. MIT Press.

Digital Memory & Documentation Bias

Milligan, Ian (2019). History in the Age of Abundance? How the Web Is Transforming Historical Research. McGill-Queen's University Press.
Graham, Shawn, Milligan, Ian, & Weingart, Scott (2015). Exploring Big Historical Data: The Historian's Macroscope. Imperial College Press.

Key Projects & Resources

World Historical Gazetteer: https://whgazetteer.org/
Seshat Global History Databank: https://seshatdatabank.info/
UNESCO World Heritage Centre: https://whc.unesco.org/
Pelagios Network (Linked geodata for humanities): https://pelagios.org/
Stanford ORBIS (Roman transport network): https://orbis.stanford.edu/

Note: This bibliography emphasizes works relevant to operationalizing cultural landscape analysis through multi-dimensional heritage city comparison. It bridges cultural geography, digital humanities, complexity science, and heritage studies.

Cultural Landscape & Heritage Cities: Research Bibliography

Core Theoretical Frameworks

Carl Sauer & Cultural Geography

Sauer, Carl O. (1925). The Morphology of Landscape. University of California Publications in Geography, 2(2), 19-53.
Sauer, Carl O. (1941). Foreword to Historical Geography. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 31(1), 1-24.
Leighly, John (ed.) (1963). Land and Life: A Selection from the Writings of Carl Ortwin Sauer. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Civilization Theory (for contrast/critique)

Spengler, Oswald (1918-1922). The Decline of the West (Der Untergang des Abendlandes). [English trans. 1926-1928]
Toynbee, Arnold J. (1934-1961). A Study of History (12 volumes). Oxford University Press.
Huntington, Samuel P. (1996). The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. Simon & Schuster.
Braudel, Fernand (1949/1972). The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II. University of California Press.

Comparative & Quantitative Approaches

Seshat Databank & Cultural Evolution

Turchin, Peter et al. (2015). "Seshat: The Global History Databank." Cliodynamics, 6(1), 77-107.
Hoyer, Daniel et al. (2023). "Navigating Polycrisis: Long-run Socio-cultural Factors Shape Response to Changing Climate." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 378(1889).
Seshat: Global History Databank. https://seshatdatabank.info/

World-Systems & Network Theory

Wallerstein, Immanuel (1974). The Modern World-System I: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century. Academic Press.
Chase-Dunn, Christopher & Hall, Thomas D. (1997). Rise and Demise: Comparing World-Systems. Westview Press.

Urban Studies & Comparative Urbanism

Post-colonial Urban Theory

Robinson, Jennifer (2006). Ordinary Cities: Between Modernity and Development. Routledge.
Roy, Ananya (2009). "The 21st-Century Metropolis: New Geographies of Theory." Regional Studies, 43(6), 819-830.
Parnell, Susan & Oldfield, Sophie (eds.) (2014). The Routledge Handbook on Cities of the Global South. Routledge.

Historical Urban Ecology

Sinclair, Paul et al. (2010). "Trade and Society on the South-East African Coast in the Later First Millennium AD: The Case of Chibuene." Antiquity, 84(326), 846-866.
Barthel, Stephan & Isendahl, Christian (2013). "Urban Gardens, Agriculture, and Water Management: Sources of Resilience for Long-Term Food Security in Cities." Ecological Economics, 86, 224-234.

Heritage & UNESCO Frameworks

World Heritage Studies

UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. (Updated periodically)
Harrison, Rodney (2013). Heritage: Critical Approaches. Routledge.
Smith, Laurajane (2006). Uses of Heritage. Routledge.
Meskell, Lynn (2018). A Future in Ruins: UNESCO, World Heritage, and the Dream of Peace. Oxford University Press.

Heritage & Geography

Graham, Brian, Ashworth, G.J., & Tunbridge, J.E. (2000). A Geography of Heritage: Power, Culture and Economy. Arnold Publishers.
Timothy, Dallen J. & Boyd, Stephen W. (2003). Heritage Tourism. Prentice Hall.

Digital Humanities & Spatial Methods

Spatial Humanities

Bodenhamer, David J., Corrigan, John, & Harris, Trevor M. (eds.) (2010). The Spatial Humanities: GIS and the Future of Humanities Scholarship. Indiana University Press.
Gregory, Ian N. & Geddes, Alistair (2014). Toward Spatial Humanities: Historical GIS and Spatial History. Indiana University Press.

Linked Data & Knowledge Graphs

Grossner, Karl & Janowicz, Krzysztof (2012). "Semantic Reference Systems for Historical Gazetteers." GeoHumanities. ACM SIGSPATIAL.
Grossner, Karl, Mostern, Ruth, & Elliot, Tom (2015). "World Historical Gazetteer." WHG Project Documentation.

Computational Text Analysis

Underwood, Ted (2019). Distant Horizons: Digital Evidence and Literary Change. University of Chicago Press.
Piotrowski, Michael (2012). Natural Language Processing for Historical Texts. Morgan & Claypool.

Environmental & Geographic Analysis

Geographic Information Systems

Goodchild, Michael F. (2007). "Citizens as Sensors: The World of Volunteered Geography." GeoJournal, 69(4), 211-221.
Longley, Paul A. et al. (2015). Geographic Information Science and Systems (4th ed.). Wiley.

Environmental Determinism Debates

Diamond, Jared (1997). Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. W.W. Norton.
Acemoglu, Daron & Robinson, James A. (2012). Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty. Crown.
Scott, James C. (2017). Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Earliest States. Yale University Press.

Embeddings & NLP Methods

Semantic Similarity & Embeddings

Reimers, Nils & Gurevych, Iryna (2019). "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks." EMNLP-IJCNLP 2019.
Mikolov, Tomas et al. (2013). "Distributed Representations of Words and Phrases and their Compositionality." NIPS 2013.

Computational Cultural Analysis

Evans, James A. & Aceves, Pedro (2016). "Machine Translation: Mining Text for Social Theory." Annual Review of Sociology, 42, 21-50.
Heuser, Ryan & Le-Khac, Long (2012). "A Quantitative Literary History of 2,958 Nineteenth-Century British Novels: The Semantic Cohort Method." Stanford Literary Lab Pamphlet 4.

Complexity Science & Systems Thinking

Santa Fe Institute Tradition

Holland, John H. (1995). Hidden Order: How Adaptation Builds Complexity. Addison-Wesley.
Miller, John H. & Page, Scott E. (2007). Complex Adaptive Systems: An Introduction to Computational Models of Social Life. Princeton University Press.
Mitchell, Melanie (2009). Complexity: A Guided Tour. Oxford University Press.

Urban Complexity

Batty, Michael (2013). The New Science of Cities. MIT Press.
Bettencourt, Luís M.A. (2013). "The Origins of Scaling in Cities." Science, 340(6139), 1438-1441.

Mixed Methods & Multi-vocal Systems

Creswell, John W. & Plano Clark, Vicki L. (2017). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). SAGE.
Bowker, Geoffrey C. & Star, Susan Leigh (1999). Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences. MIT Press.

Digital Memory & Documentation Bias

Milligan, Ian (2019). History in the Age of Abundance? How the Web Is Transforming Historical Research. McGill-Queen's University Press.
Graham, Shawn, Milligan, Ian, & Weingart, Scott (2015). Exploring Big Historical Data: The Historian's Macroscope. Imperial College Press.

Key Projects & Resources

World Historical Gazetteer: https://whgazetteer.org/
Seshat Global History Databank: https://seshatdatabank.info/
UNESCO World Heritage Centre: https://whc.unesco.org/
Pelagios Network (Linked geodata for humanities): https://pelagios.org/
Stanford ORBIS (Roman transport network): https://orbis.stanford.edu/

Cultural Landscape & Heritage Cities: Research Bibliography

Related Skills

Markdown Converter

Nano Banana Pro

1password